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| | | Article Name : | | | Phytochemical-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in CaSki Cells- Insights from Thymoquinone, Quercetin, Curcumin, and Resveratrol | | Author Name : | | | Ummai Habiba, Sufia Naseem and Najmul Islam | | Publisher : | | | Bridge Center | | Article URL : |  | | | Abstract : | | | Cervical cancer continues to pose a significant health challenge for women globally, with traditional treatments often showing limited effectiveness and causing undesirable side effects. Recently, naturally sourced phytochemicals have attracted considerable interest as potential anticancer agents due to their ability to target multiple pathways and their low toxicity. This study is aimed to assess and compare the cytotoxic effects of four phytochemicals thymoquinone, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol on CaSki human cervical cancer cells, and to further investigate the apoptotic mechanisms of the most effective compound. The cytotoxicity of thymoquinone, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol was evaluated using the MTT assay, wherein the cytotoxic potency was found to be in the order of thymoquinone (IC50 =63.408 ?M)> Resveratrol (IC50 =115.83 ?M) > Curcumin (IC50 =131.22 ?M) > Quercetin (IC50 =141.74 ?M). Since, thymoquinone (TQ), demonstrated the lowest IC50 value (63.408 ?M), thereby indicating the highest potency, thus was chosen for further mechanistic exploration. Microscopic examination revealed morphological changes, while DAPI staining confirmed nuclear condensation and fragmentation. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) dual staining successfully distinguished between live, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. Furthermore, the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 confirmed the induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. Our results suggest the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Our results are suggestive for the potential use of thymoquinone as a promising adjunct therapeutic option for managing cervical cancer. | | Keywords : | | | Thymoquinone; Resveratrol; CaSki; Cervical cancer; Natural compounds; Apoptosis |
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