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| | | Article Name : | | | Esophageal Carcinoma in Mogadishu, Somalia: A
four year retrospective study
| | Author Name : | | | MOHAMED ABDULKADIR HASSAN-KADLE1, AHMED MOHAMED MOALLIM MUSSE
| | Publisher : | | | Bridge Center | | Article URL : |  | | | Abstract : | | | Background: Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most serious
cancers worldwide and the majority carcinoma of the esophagus cases
occur in developing world. There is a marked variation in incidence,
types, ethnicity, gender and outcome in various regions in the world.
Esophageal carcinoma is the eighth most common cause of cancer
death worldwide with its rapid development and fatal prognoses in
most cases. Most of esophageal carcinoma types are either Squamous
cell carcinoma or Adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the
main variant in developing countries whereas Adenocarcinoma
appears more common in developed countries. Males predominate than
females in worldwide. There is no previous study was conducted in
Somalia according to the prevalence and incidence of esophageal
carcinoma. Therefore the aim of this study was to document the
characteristics of esophageal carcinoma with respect to the age and
gender distribution and histopathologcial types in Mogadishu,
Somalia. The study provides baseline local data for future studies.
Methods: This retrospective study included all patients referred from endoscopic unit of surrounding clinics and hospitals with endoscopic
diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma between January 2013 and
December 2016 to the department of pathology, Liban Clinic in
Mogadishu, Somalia. Data were collected and analyzed from patients’
case records included age, gender and histological reports of all
histologically confirmed cases of esophageal carcinoma. Results: A
total of 1607 patients was admitted and referred to Liban Clinic
during January 2013 to December 2016. 129 out of 1607 patients (8%)
were diagnosed esophageal carcinoma. In this study was analyzed 127
cases out of 129 patients; Sixty nine out of 127 patients (54.3%) were
females predominating males with their ratio male to female was
1:1.2. The commonest age group were fifth and sixth decades while the
mean age of both sexes was 57 ± 15.479 (min 15 – max 90) with mean
age of female being 58 ±15.441 (min 26 – mix 90) and male age 58
±15.15.657 (min 15 – mix 84) with their youngest age was 15 and
oldest age was 90 years. The most common Histopathological type of
esophageal carcinoma in this study was Squamous cell carcinoma
with 124 out of 127 (97.6%) (females 55.6%, male 44.3%) and 3 out of
127 (2.4%) were Adenocarcinoma (females 0%, male 100%). The peak
incidence of Squamous cell carcinoma was found in the age group 41 -
80 years with 98 of 124 (79 %) while the minimum age group was
below 40 years with18 of 124 (14.5%) and above 80 years with 8 of 124
(6.4%) for both sexes. The maximum number of patients with
adenocaricoma age groups of 41 – 80 years for males. Conclusion:
The Esophageal carcinoma in Mogadishu, Somalia had predominance
of female gender then the men with ratio (male: female ratio =1:1.2).
The most frequent type of esophageal carcinoma is Squamous cell
carcinoma and more frequent in females then the men and it is
followed by Adenocarcinoma which more frequent in males than the
females in this study, so we needed more studies in this disease in
terms of prevalence and incidence and to identify the local risk factors
and the reason for apparent gander. | | Keywords : | | | Esophageal carcinoma, Histopathological Types, Female,
Mogadishu, Somalia. |
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